Python Inheritance
Inheritance is a process in which one object acquires all the
properties and behaviors of its parent object automatically. In such
way, you can reuse, extend or modify the attributes and behaviors
which are defined in other class.
In Python, the class which inherits the members of another
class is called derived class and the class whose members are
inherited is called a base class.
The derived class is the specialized
class for the base class.
The class whose properties are inherited by other class is called
the Parent or Base or Superclass.
And, the class which inherits
properties of other class is called Child or Derived or Subclass.
Inheritance makes the code reusable. When we inherit an
existing class, all its methods and fields become available in the
new class, hence code is reused.
Create a Parent Class
Any class can be a Parent Class.
The syntax of the Parent Class is the same as the other Class.
Creating the Class named Student, with firstname and lastname properties, and a printstudent method:
Example:
class Student:
def __init__(self,firstn,lastn):
self.firstname = firstn
self.lastname = lastn
def printstudent(self):
print(self.firstname,self.lastname)
student_input = Student(input("Enter First Name: "),input("Enter Second Name: "))
student_input.printstudent()
Output:
Enter First Name: Ankur
Enter Second Name: Ranpariya
Ankur Ranpariya
Types Of Inheritance
- Single inheritance
- Multiple inheritances
- Hierarchical inheritance
- Multilevel inheritance
- Hybrid inheritance
Single Inheritance
In single inheritance, there is only one base class and one derived
class. The Derived class gets inherited from its base class. This is
the simplest form of inheritance. The above figure is the diagram for
single inheritance.
Example:
class A:
def a(self):
print ("Class A")
class B(A):
def b(self):
print ("Class B")
objb=B()
objb.a()
objb.b()
Output:
Multiple Inheritance
In this type of inheritance, a single derived class may inherit from
two or more base classes. above figures are the structure of Multiple
Inheritance.
Example:
class A:
def a(self):
print ("Class A")
class B():
def b(self):
print ("Class B")
class C(A,B):
def c(self):
print ("Class C")
objc=C()
objc.a()
objc.b()
objc.c()
Output:
Multilevel Inheritance
The classes can also be derived from the classes that are already
derived. This type of inheritance is called multilevel inheritance.
above figures are the structure of Multilevel Inheritance.
Example:
class A:
def a(self):
print ("Class A")
class B(A):
def b(self):
print ("Class B")
class C(B):
def c(self):
print ("Class C")
objb=B()
objb.a()
objb.b()
objc=C()
objc.a()
objc.b()
objc.c()
Output:
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Class C
Hierarchical Inheritance
In this type of inheritance, multiple derived classes get inherited
from a single base class. The above figures are the structure of
Hierarchical Inheritance.
Example:
class A:
def a(self):
print ("Class A")
class B(A):
def b(self):
print ("Class B")
class C(A):
def c(self):
print ("Class C")
objb=B()
objb.a()
objb.b()
objc=C()
objc.a()
objc.c()
Output:
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class C
Hybrid Inheritance
This is a Mixture of two or More Inheritance and in this
Inheritance, a Code May Contains two or Three types of
inheritance in a Single Code. The above figure is the diagram for Hybrid
inheritance.
Example:
class School:
def func1(self):
print("This function is in school.")
class Student1(School):
def func2(self):
print("This function is in student 1. ")
class Student2(School):
def func3(self):
print("This function is in student 2.")
class Student3(Student1, School):
def func4(self):
print("This function is in student 3.")
object = Student3()
object.func1()
object.func2()
Output:
This function is in school.
This function is in student 1.
